Angola has a population of 18 million; about 59% of Angolan reside in urban spaces. Angola's government is a republic, but its democracy is held by a single party. Angola's major exports are oil, diamonds, and gas. Its capital city is Luanda has a population of 4.5 million. The country was under Portuguese influence and rule for over 500 years. An anti-colonial struggle began in 1961 for independence, which was achieved in 1975. Angola's new constitution established a one-party state headed by a president, which in 1977 was declared a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party. The country was soon in a civil war that lasted 27 years and ended in 2002. The government amended their 1975 Consitution in 1992, which produced a multiparty system, abolished the death penalty, and prioritized the people's rights. The constitution was amended again in 2010 to eliminate the prime minister post and establish a vice president position. The president is limited to two five-year terms, and the National Assembly holds the legislative power in the country. Angola is divided into 18 provinces.

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