Egypt is located in the northeastern region of Africa. The Nile River and valley run through the country. With a rich history, this region is home to one of the world's earliest urban societies. Pharotic Egypt flourished for over 3,000 years. In 323 BCE, Egypt was conquered by Alexander the Great, making it a crucial part of the Hellenistic World. It was also part of the Roman Empire for many centuries. Egypt's influence in the Arab and Islamic world is unparalleled, especially in areas of intellectual and cultural development and traditions. In 1517 the Ottoman Empire defeated the Egyptian Mamluks and took control over Egypt until 1788 when Napoleon I led the French army and took control of the country. French occupation ended in 1801 but opened the door for more European colonization. Egypt's location has long made it a strategic location for trade routes between Africa, Europe, and Asia. In 1869, the Suez Canal, which connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, sedimented Egypt's strategic position. This only intensified European desire to colonize there, and in 1882 the British occupied Egypt until after World War II. In 1952 a military coup put a revolutionary regime that promoted Pan-Arab nationalism and socialism into power. Egypt has an authoritarian political system that was dominated by a president, ruling party, and security services. This oppressive system, along with mass demonstrations in neighboring countries, led to Arab Spring protests in Egypt in 2011. These protests forced President Hosni Mubarak to leave office, and the government transferred power to a new government in 2012, where the country formed a new constitution. By 2013 another series of mass demonstrations emerged, and this government was overthrown when the military intervened to remove the elected president Mohamed Morsi. He was a member of the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood group.

DATA VISUALIZATIONS

PROTESTS

Egypt-October-2013


, Nahda Square,Cairo University
Members of the Muslim Brotherhood organize anti-military protests at state universities throughout the country. The protest began in the "aftermath of the harsh repression of Brotherhood marches on October 6 that left 53 demonstrators dead." Clashes between police and protestors are reported, with injuries and dozens of arrests occurring. Protests location include, Cairo University, Aswan University’s Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura and Alexandria Universities, Cairo University’s Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. (Primary Source)