Kenya is a large country whose easter half is a broad plateau with arid and semi-arid lands. The north and western half have several mountain systems, which are split by the Rift Valley. Thirty-eight million people live in Kenya, 1.3 of whom live in Nairobi, Kenya's capital city. Most of the population lives in the western half of the country, and the north-east is still home to many nomadic herding communities. Kenya has three dominant ethnic communities, the Kikuyu, the Luhya, and the Luo. Kenya was colonized by the British in 1888. They achieved their independence in 1963, where a one-party state was established and run by the Kenya African National Union (KANU). The first president was a Kikuyu, Jomo Kenyatta, who in 1978 died in office and was succeeded by a Kalenjin, Danieal Arap Moi. Moi made KANU the sole legal party in 1982, which remained the case in 1992 when he was forced into a multiparty system; Moi won the following elections in 1992 and 1997. Moi's final years of power were full of corruption, poverty, and violence. In 2002 a new president and party took control, Emilio Mwai Kibaki and his National Rainbow Coalition. In 2007 Kibaki won by a narrow victory over Kenya's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), with the ODM claiming fraud and rioting and ethnic cleansing across Kenya ensued, leaving 600 people dead and 250,000 displaced in tribal areas. In 2008 the Kibaki agreed to share power with Odinga as prime minister. They continued in power through 2013.

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